A/C and Asthma

When finding comfort during sweltering summer days, many people turn to air-conditioned rooms for relief. But for individuals with asthma, that cool blast might bring hidden dangers. While air conditioning units regulate indoor temperatures and improve air quality, they can also potentially worsen asthma if not properly maintained.

How A/C Rooms Could Be Making Your Asthma Worse

1. Circulation of Allergens and Irritants:

   • Poorly maintained filters: A/C systems with dirty or inefficient filters can circulate allergens like dust, pollen, and pet dander, triggering asthma symptoms. Overused air filters are unable to catch pollutants, contaminating the air. Replacing filters regularly is essential.

   • Dust and Pet Dander: Without fresh air circulation (when doors and windows are shut while the A/C is running), dust and pollen can build up indoors, contributing to asthma flare-ups.

2. Mold and Mildew Growth:

   • Moisture Buildup: Air conditioners, especially central and window units, are prone to moisture buildup. Condensation in ducts or coils without proper drainage can lead to undetected mold growth.

   • Mold Spores: Breathing in mold spores can irritate airways and provoke asthma attacks, especially for those with mold sensitivities. Mold can grow without you knowing until symptoms appear. Mini-splits may have a greater mold problem than conventional central air.

3. Dry Air:

   • Low Humidity: A/C systems often maintain low humidity, which can dry out mucous membranes in the nose, throat, and lungs.

   • Irritation: This dryness can irritate the respiratory system, which is particularly sensitive in asthma sufferers.

4. Sudden Temperature Changes:

   • Bronchospasms: Moving from hot, humid environments to cold, air-conditioned rooms can cause airways to constrict, leading to bronchospasms.

   • Coughing and Wheezing: These sudden temperature changes can result in coughing fits, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

5. HVAC System Contamination:

   • Pollutant Sources: HVAC systems can become sources of indoor air pollutants, potentially increasing asthma symptoms.

   • Microbiological Contamination: Microbiological contamination in HVAC systems is a theoretical risk factor for asthma. Liquid water in HVAC systems can facilitate the growth of microorganisms.

   • Bioaerosol Exposure: Airflow through HVAC systems can transport bioaerosols from contaminated sites to occupants.

However, A/C Can Also Be Beneficial for Asthma When Properly Used and Maintained:

• Reduces Airborne Triggers: A/C systems can filter airborne asthma triggers and reduce humidity, improving asthma control.

• Filtering Allergens: Air conditioners can help alleviate asthma symptoms by filtering dust and dirt.

• Humidity Control: Air conditioners can help control humidity, which prevents the growth of mold spores. Keeping humidity between 30% and 50% is ideal for those with chronic lung disease.

Tips to Minimize A/C-Related Asthma Issues:

• Regular Maintenance: Maintain your A/C filters properly. Regular HVAC maintenance ensures efficient operation and prevents allergen circulation. Have your HVAC system serviced twice a year.

• Filter Replacement: Change filters regularly. Replace the filter at least once a month, ensuring it fits snugly.

• Duct Cleaning: Clean ducts to prevent mold growth.

• Humidity Control: Use a dehumidifier to maintain proper humidity levels.

• Air Purifiers: Use whole-home air purifiers to reduce airborne contaminants.

• Balance Comfort and Respiratory Health: Be mindful of the temperature and avoid extreme changes.

• Ventilation: Improve ventilation.